Depression

Understanding Depression

Depression is more than just feeling sad. It is a serious mental health condition that affects how a person thinks, feels, and functions in daily life. It can impact anyone, including adolescents, and may present with both emotional and physical symptoms. Understanding depression, its risk factors, and available treatment options is the first step toward effective management and recovery.

According to Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) reports that in 2020-2022, 42.9% of Australians aged 16-85 experienced a mental disorder, with 16.0% experiencing an affective disorder like depression. 

Depression Physical Symptoms

While depression is often associated with emotional distress, it can also cause significant physical symptoms, including:

• Persistent sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness, sometimes accompanied by tearfulness

• Irritability, frustration, or sudden anger, even over minor issues

• Loss of interest or enjoyment in activities once found fulfilling, including hobbies, sports, or intimacy

• Sleep problems, such as difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or excessive sleeping

• Chronic fatigue or low energy, making even simple tasks feel overwhelming

• Changes in appetite and weight, either reduced appetite leading to weight loss/increased cravings causing weight gain

• Feelings of restlessness, anxiety, or inner tension

• Slowed thought processes, speech, or physical movements

• Persistent feelings of guilt or worthlessness, often dwelling on past mistakes or self-criticism

• Difficulty focusing, remembering details, or making decisions

• Recurring thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or self-harm (urgent crisis support needed)

• Unexplained physical symptoms, such as headaches, back pain, or digestive issues

Adolescents Depression Screening Tools

Adolescent depression can be difficult to recognise because it often presents differently than in adults. Screening tools help identify symptoms early. Some commonly used adolescents depression screening tools include PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) – A brief self-report questionnaire assessing the severity of depressive symptoms. CES-DC (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children) – Designed to screen depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) – Evaluates emotional, behavioural, and physical symptoms of depression. Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) – Helps assess depression severity in young people.

Early detection through screening can lead to timely intervention and better outcomes for adolescents struggling with depression.

Depression Risk Factors

While depression can affect anyone, certain risk factors increase the likelihood of developing it, including genetics – A family history of depression can increase vulnerability. Chronic stress – Prolonged exposure to stressful life events, such as financial struggles or work pressure, can contribute to depression. Childhood trauma – Early-life adversity, such as neglect or abuse, increases the risk. Medical conditions – Chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, heart disease, or chronic pain, are linked to depression. Hormonal changes – Life transitions like pregnancy, menopause, or thyroid imbalances can affect mood. Social isolation – A lack of supportive relationships or loneliness can worsen symptoms.

Understanding these risk factors helps in early prevention and seeking appropriate support.

Depression is treatable, and no one has to face it alone. Whether you’re experiencing depression physical symptoms, struggling with daily motivation, or concerned about an adolescent, help is available. If depression is affecting your life, seeking professional support can be an essential step toward healing.